As medical applications and scientific knowledge rapidly evolves, it is a challenge for statutory law to keep up and adapt. Law-making bodies are faced with the dilemma of whether to regulate new medical procedures. This book explores nature and function of Parliamentary regulation in the biomedical field, particularly focusing on the role of scientific expertise in both law-making and law-enforcing processes. Taking assisted reproductive technologies (ART) as a key case, and drawing on the legal systems of the UK, France, Italy and Spain, the book adopts a comparative method to understand the nature of medical regulation in both civil and common law systems.