This text gives readers the understanding needed to perform clinical observations accurately, make accurate judgements about the patient’s condition and make accurate decisions concerning patient care. It integrates clear explanations of the techniques involved in making clinical observations, alongside the biological knowledge which gives them meaning. For each topic, it explains the pathological basis for variations in observed results, focusing on relevant anatomy and physiology, genetics and pharmacology and the basic principles of care. It is essential reading for all nursing and health students preparing for clinical practice.